History of the establishment of Jessore Collectorate in the 1786

On the 5th of April, Mr. Tillman Henkel proposed the establishment of the Jessore Collector. Since the headquarter of revenue affairs is in Kolkata, Mr. Tillman Henkel wrote to the government that as a judge and magistrate he was experiencing difficulties in collecting revenue. At that time, the transit system from Jessore to Kolkata was distant. All states except Rajasthani collector's intrinsic Bhushan states, revenue was deposited in Kolkata. Since the civil court could not interfere in the matter of revenue, if any question was raised regarding the revenue (regarding the collection of the payments from the zamindars and raiyats), it would have been heard only by the revenue committee of Kolkata and only those would have taken that decision. Therefore, there was a lot of complexity in this regard and there was a great deal of public dissatisfaction.

Mr. Henkel therefore proposes that the collector's work should be linked to the work of the jajad and that the duty of the collector should be given as the unpaid additional duty of the jajad. He proposed to increase the respect of the Collector for the welfare and benefit of the people. The authorities of the then government were keen to inform the matter and in 5, the Collectorate was established in Jessore. It was located in Isafpur and Saidpur (formerly apparently part of Bhushan and Rajshahi) between Ichhati and Bakerganj districts (which were previously part of Dhaka). Also, the boundaries of this collector were broad with some areas of Kolkata and Hooghly and some from Murshidabad. Mohammed Shah was a separate collector of that time or before. Although Naldi and Faridpur were under the Jessore Jazhip, they were still part of the Rajshahi Collectorate. Land revenue of Tk 1 lakh was collected every year in Jessore

Duties and Duties of Jessore Collector

The duties of the then Collector were only concerned with the collection of land revenue. Each year he was required to provide revenue collection to the states under his collector. He had nominal judicial powers, such as the disputed dispute dispute and the distribution of land between the zamindars and raiyats.

Land revenue collection

At that time, the issue of revenue collection was distinct from that of other matters of the interior administration. The first district officer came to govern the government, not to collect revenue. For many years the district revenue (including parts of Kolkata and Rajshahi districts) was collected under the guidance of an officer of the district. A collector was appointed for only one or two years in Jessore district between 12 and 6 years. It was an experimental method that Warren Hastings introduced in many districts of Bengal. After some time he again abolished this method due to the extra cost. This was the first step in lowering direct revenue collection and lower efficiency. But in this regard, Westland says that if English collectors were still employed in their workplace between 12 and 8, the eyes of the British government would have opened. They could see that the zamindars did injustice to the natives. The British would have been forced to participate directly in the internal administration of the country long before 9 p.m. So it is well understood that the direct government system was introduced in the year 12. However, what the British did before 9 can never be called an internal administration. There is no active government system by the way of conducting half a dozen civil courts in a wide area of ​​Bengal.

Settlement was provided by the Revenue Committee in Bengal (3) in the entire district. The Revenue Committee appointed Mr. Lane to bring out the original account of the zamindars' property by locally doing so. These settlement activities would change from time to time in light of the existing circumstances. The collector did not have time to take any policy-sensitive information in order to conduct the annual verification work. Initially a draft account was prepared, and on that basis the collector borrowed money from the zamindars. If the collector and the zamindar failed to reach consensus, the collector could collect revenue directly from the land according to his predetermined draft list. Each year the settlement was not completed until Bhadra and Ashwis month.

The collector used excessive force to collect revenue. Even if they had reasonable demands against the revenue gamers, the Collector could have taken very stringent action against them if they wished. There was a jail system against the perpetrators where he could hold them. The collector could be involved in any state treasury. This involvement may initially seem like a major threat; But the demand for collector's rent on the rayat was far less than that of the zamindars. The sale of zamindari zamindars to repay the debt could not be resolved at that time. But theoretically it was found that landlords had the power to sell land. In fact, the zamindars were the only companies collecting revenue from the raiyats under the company; Where revenue was the property of the government only

Treasury
The Collector was in charge of the Treasury. He had to send monthly remittance to Kolkata. Except for the monthly monthly allowance for the collector, the bills for the expenditure and the accessories bills allotted to him, all of them were sent in cash. The collector used to handle the costs very systematically. He was also sometimes asked to refund some useful and lawful expenses. The records then show that the collector was fined Rs 300 once for not sending timely expenses.

Lenders sell assets

Besides collecting land revenue, one of the main tasks of the collector was to sell the assets of the creditors. On November 8, the first lender began selling revenue by selling the assets of the lenders. At that time, landlords opposed the sale of the property. They asked the collector-appointed Amins to withdraw all the land and prevent those who purchased the property from taking possession of the property. Basically, the zamindars did not want to leave the control of their land to other people. The Board had a specific power in the sale of property in the civil court. No property could be sold without the permission of the Board of Revenue. Even in the sale of land privately, permission was required. If the landlords were to sell the land, they would have to pay the whole amount or the sale would have been canceled.

Prepared Property Statement

From the 12th, the collector began to prepare the account for the sale of the property. After collecting these accounts in large states, including Kolkata, it was found that the revenue collection was much higher than before. Collectors also maintained government assets. The Collector also maintained the property which the court maintained

State division

The list of collectors was very large. One of their tasks is to calculate the value of property sold in different parts of the state and to divide the divisions. It was the Collector's job to divide the state. The division of the state boundary was then legal so that dividends could be obtained from the land. The division of Muhammadshahi was first made. It took only two years to split it. But there have been instances where the state has been divided for a long time. It is worth mentioning here that there is a kingdom called Nawara. It took 5 to 5 years to divide the kingdom. It took so long to divide the state due to various issues with the opposition

Duty collection

One of the collector's duties was to earn revenue through collecting duty. Notable works like construction of dams and protection of settlements were also on the collector's list. The collector collected the money sent from the treasury and has shown extraordinary success in dealing with disasters during various disasters.

Stamp sales

Collectors also worked with stamps. The amount of stamp sales can be ascertained by looking at the demand for stamps at that time. The stamp was sold by the agent appointed by the collector. The money sold was deposited at various government offices in the district. In 9, there were 5 stamp vendors in the thanas. The Collector received a fixed rate commission for selling stamps with his salary.

In 7, a large collection of stamps was found. In one case, it was reported that a person who served as head of a stamp museum sold his own stamps, excluding government stamps. Through this he would earn a lot of money. Later, the civil court prepared a document on the duplicate stamp so that the issue of making the fake stamp came out. Later, a fine was collected from the head of the museum for making fake stamps and he was found guilty of illegal activities.

Organizing the festival

Every zamindari had an annual Punah festival. It was customary for the zamindar-kachari to spend some on organizing the event. Through this event, money was being opened for the New Year. Prior to this event no money was collected and the event was an advertisement for money. Mr. Henkel organized a reunion during his reign. He announced the 7 days of Poonah as the date of receiving money at Murali. A list of the costs that the collector spent on the Poonah event was found in the 5th. According to the list, it cost 5 rupees for fire-fighting, 3 rupees for tom-tom, 3 rupees for girls dancing, 3 rupees for boys dancing. The government did not recognize these costs because such costs had never been done before. But on the basis of the agreement between the Board of Revenue and the Collector, the Poonah ceremony was organized. For this reason the collector will probably show less of the cost of the event

Annual Tour of the Collector

According to the order of the board in the year 1, the collectors went on annual tours. The board did not provide a regular basis for their travel. Some collectors went on annual trips and some did not